Monday, December 27, 2010

Real World Ramifications of Cannabis Legalization and Decriminalization

Editor's Note: As more states begin to debate the question of legally controlling marijuana, many lawmakers are posing questions to NORML regarding what effect, if any, such a policy change may have upon the public's use of cannabis and/or young people's attitudes toward it.

The following paper reviews various studies** that have examined this issue in regions that have either a) regulated marijuana use and sales for all adults; b) decriminalized the possession of small quantities of marijuana for adults; c) medicalized the use of marijuana to certain authorized individuals; or d) deprioritized the enforcement of marijuana laws. This paper also proposes general guidelines to govern marijuana use, production, and distribution in a legal, regulated manner.
**This paper expands upon the studies initially referenced by NORML in its paper, Marijuana Decriminalization & Its Impact on Use.

Criminal Marijuana Prohibition Is A Failure

By any objective standard, marijuana prohibition is an abject failure.

Nationwide, U.S. law enforcement have arrested over 20 million American citizens for marijuana offenses since 1965, yet today marijuana is more prevalent than ever before, adolescents have easier access to marijuana than ever before, the drug is on average more potent than ever before, and there is more violence associated with the illegal marijuana trade than ever before.
Over 100 million Americans nationally have used marijuana despite prohibition, and one in ten – according to current government survey data – use it regularly. The criminal prohibition of marijuana has not dissuaded anyone from using marijuana or reduced its availability; however, the strict enforcement of this policy has adversely impacted the lives and careers of millions of people who simply elected to use a substance to relax that is objectively safer than alcohol.

NORML believes that the time has come to amend criminal prohibition and replace it with a system of legalization, taxation, regulation, and education.

The Case For Legalization/Regulation

Regulation = Controls

Controls regarding who can legally produce marijuana
Controls regarding who can legally distribute marijuana
Controls regarding who can legally consume marijuana
Controls regarding where adults can legally use marijuana and under what circumstances is such use legally permitted

Prohibition = the absence of controls – This absence of control jeopardizes rather than promotes public safety

Prohibition abdicates the control of marijuana production and distribution to criminal entrepreneurs, such as drug cartels, street gangs, drug dealers who push additional illegal substances
Prohibition provides young people with easier access to marijuana than alcohol (CASA, 2009)
Prohibition promotes the use of marijuana in inappropriate settings, such as in automobiles, in public parks, or in public restrooms.
Prohibition promotes disrespect for the law, and reinforces ethnic and generation divides between the public and law enforcement. (For example, according to a recent NORML report, an estimated 75 percent of all marijuana arrestees are under age 30; further, African Americans account for only 12 percent of marijuana users but comprise 23 percent of all possession arrests)

Defining Marijuana Legalization/Regulation

What would marijuana regulation look like?

There are many models of regulation; depending on the substance being regulated these regulations can be very loose (apples, tomatoes) or very strict (alcohol, tobacco, prescription drugs)

The alcohol model of regulation:

Commercial production is limited to licensed producers (though non-retail, home production is also allowed)
Quality control and potency is regulated by the state, and the potency of the product is made publicly available to the consumer
Retail sale of the product is limited to state licensed distributors (liquor stores, restaurants, bars, package stores, etc.)
The state imposes strict controls on who may obtain the product (no minors), where they may legally purchase it (package store, liquor store, etc.), when they may legally purchase it (sales limited to certain hours of the day), and how much they may purchase at one time (bars/restaurants may not legally service patrons who are visibly intoxicated, states like Pennsylvania limit how much alcohol a patron may purchase at a licensed store, etc.).
The state imposes strict regulations prohibiting use in public (no open container in public parks, or beaches, or in an automobile) and/or furnishing the product to minors
The state imposes strict regulations limiting the commercial advertising of the product (limits have been imposed on the type of marketing and where such marketing may appear)
States and counties retain the right to revoke the retail sale of the product, or certain types of alcohol (grain alcohol, malt liquor, etc), altogether (dry counties)

A regulatory scheme for marijuana that is similar to the scheme described above for alcohol would be favorable compared to the present prohibition. Ideally, such a regulatory scheme for marijuana would maintain the existing controls that presently govern commercial alcohol production, distribution, and use – while potentially imposing even stricter limits regarding the commercialization, advertising, and mass marketing of the product.

Marijuana Legalization And Its Impact On Use

Real-world examples of marijuana regulation:

India (prior to 1985)

Federal government imposed no national criminal prohibitions on marijuana cultivation, production, sale, possession, consumption, or commerce prior to the mid 1980s

"The incidence of the habit as estimated ... after extensive studies in the field ranged between 0.5% and 1.0% of the population." (United Nations Bulletin on Narcotics, 1957)
"So far as premeditated crime is concerned, particularly that of a violent nature, the role of cannabis in our experience is quite distinctive. In some cases these drugs not only do not lead to it, but actually act as deterrents. We have already observed that one of the important actions of these drugs is to quiet and stupefy the individual so that there is no tendency to violence, as is not infrequently found in cases of alcoholic intoxication." (United Nations Bulletin on Narcotics, 1957)

The Netherlands (30+ year history)

Retail sale of limited quantities of marijuana (5 grams or less) is allowed in licensed retail outlets for patrons age 18 or over
Ministry of Health also licenses production and distribution of marijuana for qualified patrons

"These data are consistent with reports showing that adult cannabis use is no higher in the Netherlands than in the United States and inconsistent with the demand theory that strict laws and enforcement prevent adolescent cannabis use." (International Journal of Drug Policy, 2010)
"Our findings suggest that the Dutch system of regulated sales has achieved a substantial separation of markets. ... As expected, most Amsterdam respondents obtained their cannabis in licensed coffee shops, and 85% reported that they could not purchase other illicit drugs at their source for cannabis. San Francisco respondents were three times more likely to report being able to purchase other illicit drugs from their cannabis sources." (International Journal of Drug Policy, 2009)
"Proponents of criminalization attribute their preferred drug-control regime a special power to affect user behavior. Our findings cast doubt on such attributions. Despite widespread lawful availability of cannabis in Amsterdam, there were no differences between the 2 cities (Amsterdam and San Francisco) in age at onset of use, age at first regular use, or age at the start of maximum use. ... Our findings do not support claims that criminalization reduces cannabis use and that decriminalization increases cannabis use" (American Journal of Public Health, 2004)
"The Dutch experience ... provides a moderate empirical case that removal of criminal prohibitions on cannabis possession will not increase the prevalence of marijuana or any other drug." (British Journal of Psychiatry, 2001)

Canada, Germany, Israel (3-10 year history)

Federal health department oversees the licensed production and distribution of marijuana to qualified patrons
No evidence this limited regulatory model has led to an increase in general marijuana use or attitudes among the public

"The data provide no evidence that strict cannabis laws in the United States provide protective effects compared to the similarly restrictive but less vigorously enforced laws in place in Canada, and the regulated access approach in the Netherlands." (International Journal of Drug Policy, 2010)

California, Colorado, New Mexico (1 year to 10+ year history)

County/city licensing of outlets overseeing distribution of marijuana to qualified patrons

"Our results indicate that the introduction of medical cannabis laws was not associated with an increase in cannabis use among either arrestees or emergency department patients in cities and metropolitan areas located in four states in the USA (California, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington). ... Consistent with other studies of the liberalization of cannabis laws, medical cannabis laws do not appear to increase use of the drug." (International Journal of Drug Policy, 2007)

Marijuana Decriminalization And Its Impact On Use

Real-world examples of marijuana decriminalization (removing the threat of arrest for the personal possession or cultivation of marijuana, but maintaining prohibitions on commercial cultivation and retail sale):

Europe (Spain, Italy, Portugal, Luxemburg, etc.)

"Following decriminalization, Portugal had the lowest rate of lifetime marijuana use in people over 15 in the E.U. ... The U.S. has long championed a hard-line drug policy, supporting only international agreements that enforce drug prohibition and imposing on its citizens some of the world's harshest penalties for drug possession and sales. Yet American has the highest rates of cocaine and marijuana use in the world, and while most of the E.U. (including Holland) has more liberal drug laws than the U.S., it also has less drug use." (Time.com, 2009)
"Globally, drug use is not distributed evenly, and is simply not related to drug policy. ... The U.S. ... stands out with higher levels of use of alcohol, cocaine, and cannabis, despite punitive illegal drug policies. ... The Netherlands, with a less criminally punitive approach to cannabis use than the U.S., has experienced lower levels of use, particularly among younger adults. Clearly, by itself, a punitive policy towards possession and use accounts for limited variation in national rates of illegal drug use." (PLOS Medicine, 2008)
"This paper has shown that ... decriminalization does not result in lower prices and higher consumption rates, nor in more sever patterns of cannabis use, ... and that criminalization may reduce the legitimacy of the judicial system." (Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 2008)
"While the Dutch case and other analogies have flaws, they appear to converge in suggesting that reductions in criminal penalties have limited effects on drug use, at least for marijuana." (Science, 1997)

Australia (20+ year history)

"There is no evidence to date that the (expiation/decriminalization) system ... has increased levels of regular cannabis use or rates of experimentation among young adults. These results are broadly in accord with our earlier analysis of trends in cannabis use in Australia. ... They are also consistent with the results of similar analysis in the United States and the Netherlands." (Australian Government Publishing Service, 1999)

Great Britain (2004-2008)

"Cannabis use among young people has fallen significantly since its controversial reclassification in 2004, according to the latest British Crime Survey figures published today. The Home Office figures showed the proportion of 16 to 24-year-olds who had used cannabis in the past year fell from 25% when the change in the law was introduced to 21% in 2006/07" (The Guardian, 2007)

United States

Decriminalization (12 states, 30+ year history)

"In sum, there is little evidence that decriminalization of marijuana use necessarily leads to a substantial increase in use" (U.S. National Academy of Science, 1999)
"The available evidence indicates that the decriminalization of marijuana possession had little or no impact on rates of use. Although rates of marijuana use increased in those U.S. states [that] reduced maximum penalties for possession to a fine, the prevalence of use increased at similar or higher rates in those states [that] retained more severe penalties. There were also no discernible impacts on the health care systems. On the other hand, the so-called 'decriminalization' measures did result in substantial savings in the criminal justice system." (Journal of Public Health, 1989)
"Overall, the preponderance of the evidence which we have gathered and examined points to the conclusion that decriminalization has had virtually no effect either on the marijuana use or on related attitudes and beliefs about marijuana use among American young people. The data show no evidence of any increase, relative to the control states, in the proportion of the age group who ever tried marijuana. In fact, both groups of experimental states showed a small, cumulative net decline in annual prevalence after decriminalization" (U.S. Institute for Social Research, 1981)

Medicalization (13 states, 2-13 year history)

"More than a decade after the passage of the nation's first state medical marijuana law, California's Prop. 215, a considerable body of data shows that no state with a medical marijuana law has experienced an increase in youth marijuana use since its law's enactment. All states have reported overall decreases – exceeding 50% in some age groups – strongly suggesting that the enactment of state medical marijuana laws does not increase marijuana use" (MPP, 2005, 2008)

LLEP/Deprioritization (various municipalities nationwide including Seattle, WA; Denver, CO; Oakland, CA; Missoula, MT; Columbia, MO, etc.)

"Many states and localities have either decriminalized marijuana or deprioritized the enforcement of marijuana laws. There is no evidence that the decriminalization of marijuana by certain states or the deprioritization of marijuana enforcement in Seattle and other municipalities caused an increase in marijuana use or related problems. This conclusion is consistent with the findings of numerous studies indicating that the increasing enforcement of marijuana laws has little impact on marijuana use rates and that the decriminalization of marijuana in U.S. states and elsewhere did not increase marijuana use" (Beckett/ACLU, 2009)

Conclusions
Strict government legalization/regulation of marijuana is unlikely to increase the public's use of marijuana or significantly influence attitudes.

Decriminalization is unlikely to increase the public's use of marijuana or significantly influence attitudes.

Free market legalization of marijuana without strict government restrictions on commercialization and marketing is likely to increase marijuana use among the public; however, given that the United States already has the highest per capita marijuana use rates in the world, this increase is likely to be marginal relative to other nation's experiences.

References

Simons-Morton et al. 2010. Cross-national comparison of adolescent drinking and cannabis use in the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands. International Journal of Drug Policy 21: 64-69.
Reinarman et al. 2009. Cannabis policies and user practices: market separation, price, potency, and accessibility in Amsterdam and San Francisco. International Journal of Drug Policy 20: 28-37.
Time.com. "Drugs in Portugal: did decriminalization work?" April 26, 2009.
Beckett et al. 2009. The Consequences and Costs of Marijuana Prohibition. University of Washington: Seattle.
National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. 2009. National Survey on American Attitudes on Substance Abuse XIV: Teens and Parents. Columbia University: New York.
Figure 2.5 Marijuana Use in Past Year among Persons Age 12 or Older. U.S. Office of Applied Studies, 2009.
Table 13 Trends in Availability of Drugs as Perceived by 12th Graders. Monitoring the Future: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan: Ann Arbor, 2008
Degenhardt et al. 2008. Toward a global view of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use: findings from the WHO world mental health surveys. PLOS Medicine 5: 1053-1067.
Van den Brink. 2008. Decriminalization of cannabis. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 21: 122-126.
Terry-McElrath et al. 2008. Saying no to marijuana: why American youth report quitting or abstaining. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 29: 796-805.
Earleywine et al. 2005/2008. Marijuana Use by Young People: The Impact of State Medical Marijuana Laws. Marijuana Policy Project: Washington, DC.
Gorman et al. 2007. Do medical cannabis laws encourage cannabis use? International Journal of Drug Policy 18: 160-167.
The Guardian. "Fewer young people using cannabis after reclassification." October 25, 2007.
Reinarman et al. 2004. The limited relevance of drug policy: cannabis in Amsterdam and San Francisco. American Journal of Public Health 94: 836-842.
MacCoun et al. 2001. Evaluating alternative cannabis regimes. British Journal of Psychiatry 178: 123-128.
National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine. 1999. Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base. Washington, DC.
MacCoun et al. 1997. Interpreting Dutch cannabis policy: reasoning by analogy in the legalization debate. Science 278: 47-52.
Donnelly et al. 1999. Effects of the Cannabis Expiation Notice Scheme on Levels and Patterns of Cannabis use in South Australia: Evidence from the National Drug Strategy Household Surveys 1985-1995. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.
Single. 1989. The impact of marijuana decriminalization: an update. Journal of Public Health 10: 456-466.
Johnson et al. 1981. Marijuana decriminalization: the impact on youth 1975-1980. Monitoring the Future, Occasional Paper Series: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan: Ann Arbor.
Chopra. 1957. The Use of Cannabis Drugs in India. United Nations Bulletin on Narcotics: Vienna.

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STICKY GREENS homepage

(watch this site for a link to the STICKY GREENS Platform Page as it develops.)

— by NormanB (“Deviations from the Norm”)
Announcing a new Green Party Caucus identity group working to Legalize Marijuana & end discrimination against its users, to promote the economic and environmental benefits of Cannabis Hemp, and to convince the Green Party of the United States to fully embrace and promote these priciples.

Today I renounce my lifelong membership in the Democratic Party, recognizing that what has been my Party increasingly panders to corporate elitists and, in serving as shill to those donors, works against the principles I hold dear. How much money would I need in order to have enough to bribe the Party leaders to turn honest? And even that wouldn’t work, because I don’t want Party leadership that responds so disgracefully to money. What I want politically is peace, freedom, human rights, economic justice, environmental protection, and honesty & accountability in Government. With the move I make today I hope to further these goals.
Here we stand at the precipice: Albert Camus’ existential dilemma as described in The Myth of Sisyphus: The most important philosophical question is Should I commit suicide? because, if the answer is Yes, then the other questions are irrelevant. Ignorance on climate issues is such a valued commodity that the US has advanced in this important field to Number One in the world. In many African countries and island nations, 90% of the populace knows how we get Global Warming. In the US, more than 100,000,000 people doubt the science. That confusion helps fossil fuel and chemical companies profiteer off pollution and market extinctions that will include our own, if we don’t stop climate change. The current Administration ignores the climate emergency: After promising responsible conscientious environmental stewardship, it has instead allowed increased emissions of every Greenhouse Gas, and has had its Environmental Protection Agency officially lie about Coal and Nuclear Power, reclassifying them as “Clean Energy.” President Obama this week endorsed corporate-sponsored superstition over science: He declared that he intends to fight Global Warming without limiting any Greenhouse Gases. But the fact is: Greenhouse Gases cause Global Warming: By increasing emissions of every Greenhouse Gas, we Cause Global Warming, not Fight it.
Sunday I attended the Massachusetts Green-Rainbow Party (GRP) Convention in Worcester. Because I was not a member of the Green Party, my name placard wasn’t colored green. GRP 2010 Gubernatorial nominee Jill Stein, co-chair of the state Party, asked me what she could do to change my placard to green. I do very much agree with Dr. Stein and Green Party concensus on issues. And during her campaign she spoke thoughtfully and forcefully about Legalization. Much more than other political candidates, she favors protecting my civil rights, as a medical user, as a religious user, and as a recreational user. In our informal group from Western Mass’s Pioneer Valley, I saw tireless hard-working dedicated activists in it for the long haul, committed to improving our country and our planet. I have long respected the work of a majority of individuals in the circle. These Are My People. I do belong.
100,000,000 US citizens have smoked Marijuana. The Democratic and Republican Parties do not want our votes. The Greens and Libertarians do want them, but no Party is doing what it takes to get them. Our campaign for Legalizing Marijuana carried 75% of the vote in Amherst, 65% statewide. Gubernatorial candidate Jill Stein only got 1.43% statewide. Both the Democratic and Republican Parties in Massachusetts are shedding members: Independents now outnumber both Parties in the state. 70% of people nationwide have said they don’t trust Democrats and 80% don’t trust Republicans. If only those two-thirds of Massachusetts citizens demanding Marijuana reform saw the Greens as allies, we’d control elections in this state. But people in the Marijuana/Cannabis/Hemp movement largely see the Greens as irrelevant, and are unaware of that plank in the Party’s official platform calling for Legalization of Medical Marijuana and protection of its patients.
Now, we the Green Party, stand at the precipice. Should we commit suicide? The Hemp movement is our natural constituency and its voters make up two-thirds of the state’s electorate. Most of us in the Hemp movement see the Greens as not caring about our rights or the rights of patients suffering and dying from lack of access to medicine. Greens are also seen as lacking important knowledge on the economic and environmental realities surrounding Cannabis Hemp, and in some cases are perceived as lacking working knowledge of Global Warming science needed to talk to certain voters. The Sticky Greens hope to correct these problems, by including on our homepage primers on the science, economics, and bigotry encountered by Hempsters.
At the Convention, our local Greens generated a list of concerns we can work on together locally that were cited in our circle. I made the first suggestion on the list, Legalilzing Marijuana. When emailed copies of the list of concerns arrived, I saw that Marijuana is included, at the end, separated from everything else, looking like an afterthought. This is the prescription for our Party’s extinction. The 20 items on the list above Marijuana all added together can get us 1.43% of the vote. Marijuana gets us 65% statewide and in Boston, 75% in Amherst, 82% nextdoor in Pelham, and 80% in nearby Wendell. I urge Pioneer Valley Greens, the entire Mass GRP, and Greens across the country to learn the language of Hemp activism immediately. And I urge the Green Party of the United States Accreditation Committee to quickly approve and accept our Caucus, as soon as we meet the requirements. We have a spectacular opportunity.
Shortly I’ll go downtown to re-register to vote, this time as a member of the Green-Rainbow Party. I’m posting these ideas to my firedoglake.com Diary blog The Daily Machine, and to MaMaMoJo, which is my partner Rachel Neulander’s non-commercial Massachusetts Marijuana Movement Journal. Beginning today, MaMaMoJournal’s left column is the Sticky Greens homepage. It will include political, historical, and scientific information about Cannabis and its integral relation to energy, climate, food production, health, human rights, and honesty in politics and business. We’ll note its relationship to LGBTIQ issues and racism. Most importantly, we’ll show how science can stop and reverse Global Warming using existing technology, and do it in time if we start right away.
I’m also sending it to our local Greens circle, to Jill Stein and her campaign staff with whom I worked, and to the Accreditation Committee of the Green Party of the United States. The Sticky Greens will quickly become an official local Green-Rainbow Party group when three of us agree to form it. To get Accreditted as a Green Caucus, better able to affect national Party policy, we’ll need 100 members spread throughout 15 states. Reaching 100 members seems easier than reaching 15 states. We’ll try.
To join the Sticky Greens just email shamanslibrary@yahoo.com & display “join” in the Subject window, and you will receive an email newsletter. But joining the Sticky Greens Caucus identity group of the Green Party of the United States requires a little more: (1) Email shamanslibrary@yahoo.com & display “caucus” in the Subject window; (2) if you are not a member of the GPUS, register to vote as a Green Party member within 7 days; and (3) in your email to shamanslibrary, include all of the following info that’s applicable: Your email address, your phone number, your name, your mailing address, and your voting address. Let's have a Party!
I have been a political activist fulltime without pay for decades, having consciously decided in 1978 to dedicate my life to the unending push for human rights, environmental integrity, economic equality, art, and culture. In the early 1990s I toured the country with the Cannabis Action Network at early Hemp Rallies on the early Hemp Tours. In that function I performed and spoke at rallies in 20 or more states, and at 30 or more colleges. Coming off tour, still in the early 1990s, I founded SPACE: The St. Petersburg [Florida] Alliance for Cannabis Emancipation. Two years and five Hemp Rallies later, we disbanded the group having achieved our objective: Educating the press and public on the issue: By our fifth Rally, both our local middle-of-the-road newspapers (the St. Petersburg Times & Tampa Tribune) published editorials favoring complete Legalization. That was in a Republican-majority city in conservative Florida. One of my fellow activists in the Massachusetts Hemp movement, John Leonard, did a study recently showing how Hemp voters can be influenced to vote for issues and Parties they knew little about. We saw how it worked at our state convention, where Katelyn Golsby was the first speaker of the Party’s Campus Leaders. I had met Katelyn and her friend Eric Cameron at the local busstop and invited them to the Rock Opera I wrote and was soon to perform at the University of Massachusetts in an event sponsored by the Cannabis Reform Coalition there. Jill Stein spoke to begin the event, then took questions. Katelyn and Eric left carrying Jill Stein campaign signs. The Rock Opera was the most attended Jill Stein event of the entire autumn campaign. And as one student activist pointed out, we’d have had ten times as many attendees if we’d had two weeks to promote it.

Our Story So Far:

Norman B writes a blog-diary on the Seminal page of firedoglake. He is a longtime political activist and bard poet-performance artist-hedge scholar. He is passionate about history and those ignorant people we are doomed to watch repeating it, classical literature, current affairs, human rights, ecology, greenhouse gases, global warming and other environmental crises and overthrowing multi-national authoritarianism with poetry. He fights the never-ending battle for truth, justice, and the eradication of japanese knotweed and other invader plant species.

I, your humble correspondant and editor, Rachel N, am the doting mother of two well grown sons, a former professional fundraiser with The Share Group in Hadley, MA, a member of the International Union of Mail Artists and WORMOAK, Women Opposed To Regular Meetings Of Any Kind. I am passionate about my kids and about Norman, and my community, a loosely knit subcultural global continuum of die hard hippie treehugging seed saving pacifistic anarchistic street theatre performing gate storming video camcording witnesses, ethnomusicological preserving folkloric record keeping cultural archivists of our parlous times.

In our spare time we would like to save the world. We tried opening a channel on Youtube called medicinesocks hoping whatever memes we might emit therefrom to that effect would either immediately save the planet or immediately inspire other people to do so, or at the very least make us instant suddenly famous millionaires. We soon found that YouTube doesn't exactly work that way, or at least not yet. Saving the planet is going to be a real challenge and I don't mean to nag or sound like your mother but this mess isn't cleaning itself up, ya know?

Norman has been working on a book for years, a monster research project that keeps embiggening in scope and depth. It's about global warming and ways to stop promoting it and heal the damages which, in its development, has opened a can of worms most people can barely comprehend. It is hard to keep loving a man whose genius so often elicits blank stares or skeptical downturns of his listener's mouths but I do. I believe he's really onto something significant we all should understand about the problems of anthropogenic causes of pollution and climate change... if you thought the carbon footprint was bad, you ought to get a load of the Other Greenhouse Gases & further noxious poisons we're unleashing. We must be vigilant against the deliberate deceptions of corporate advertising campaigns which tout a new improved so-cheap-it'll-pay-for-itself nuclear industry, clean coal, "safe" fracking, off-shore drilling and the biggest pseudo-green deception of all, the so-called "Smart" Grid.

Norman's research keeps coming back around to HEMP, and the more he looks into it the more he is convinced that growing lots of hemp ASAP could be the greenest, cleanest key to recapturing excess carbon dioxide and getting it out of the atmosphere, and that an abundant, easy to extract hemp derived natural constituent, terpenine, can (and should!) be used to replace and abolish the fastest growing current industrial application of SF6. Sulfur hexaflouride, SF6, is a filthy greenhouse gas which is 34.500 times even more pernicious than carbon dioxide in its environmental impact. Can you guess who makes SF6 and what for? Can you imagine how much money there is to be made in the timely peddling of faux green poisonous solutions to real, global environmental crises? You've heard of the carbon footprint I presume. Pretty bad, that, huh. They tell us they're working on getting Beyond Petroleum (haha, joke) because they care, they *know* now that America can't help it, even Bush said we're all junkies, addicted to this bad druglike product from under the sea and Alaska and the mysterious Orient, called oil, which we need to get from or through domination of places like Iraq, and Afghanistan, where of late we've coincidentally been bombing to smithereens the 'enemy" we presume must be hiding among the veiled women, the poppy farmers in the pay of the CIA, the hungry kids, the goats and sheep and villages we're heroically raiding and razing, in a campaign to win hearts and minds and spread whatchamacallit... where was I?... oh yeah, oil, we're there for the oil, right? Confusing, rather, and that we know, too, how oil leaves that nasty honkin carbon footprint. Which nobody can deny. Make a chart. Depict the carbon footprint in actual relative scale to the giant Bigfoot Monster footprint of SF6, and you'll begin to see, I hope, what Norm's research has uncovered. It turns out SF6 is the chemical they just quietly put into a gazillion soon to be switched on leaky switchgear boxes for those big megalo windmill farms of the future (you've probably seen many slick oil company sponsored ads about them). DON'T BELIEVE WHAT THE ADS SAY, THE SMART GRID IS STUPID! Follow the Terpenine Station Segment of this new Blog for more details.

Personal Narrative:
Monday Morning, in the wee hours.

Pain is.... such a pain.
It feels like talons, or invisible welts left by a baseball bat, on my neck, shoulders, lower back and hips,
and to make matters worse my legs are all thick,puffed up and watery and they will not move at all without cramping, it's hard not to cry... my toes aren't working right, my eyes are all swollen and blurry, my forearms and hands are seizing up and stiffening like claws, my jaw aches, my face hurts.

This is AS, ankylosing spondylitis, with a concurrent flare up of what the rheumatologist calls fibromyalgia- god, I really didn't want that second diagnosis. That's another one of those diseases half the world thinks you're faking and even the believers, the doctor who diagnosed me, for example, can't do much for. Sure, there are pills (... no thank you!) And diets and excercises and theories up the yin yang and even superlative claims on the internet of total cures possible if only you purchase so & so's book.

I buy into the diet theory, believing that yes, you can make yourself feel better or worse depending on what and how you eat. And excercise.. well, that's a challenge when I'm feeling like pulverized crud but I move and stretch and breathe in ways I learned as a youngster practicing yoga and this also is helpful. Sometimes I just stay as still and calm and centered as I can and just focus on keeping breathing, like a zazen practitioner, and that's the only way through the worst moments. My mantram; Don't just do something, sit there!

Most people I know cannot sit still for long without feeling terribly guilty and remiss about the things they aren't getting to. Some people can't help but betray the subtle judgment they feel about inactivity, the suspicion that a person who hardly moves for days on end is really reprehensible... so many of my friends, no matter how exhausted they are will continue to push themselves through harrowing daily routines, complaining cheerfully and swilling coffee at regular intervals (with many wry, self-depracating references to their evil caffeine habits) in order to fuel and sustain the hectic pace of their lives. There is merit and self worth to be attained by pushing through one's tiredness and pain, none in attending to it, or in stopping when the body says to stop. You're never supposed to stop. Everyone I know has a personal narrative in which they heroically fight the overwhelming need for rest and soldier on through a tedious series of obligatory tasks, after all there's so much on the To Do list, so little time to do it all in.

The way I live around my pain is the mirror bizarro world image of that approach. In a world of pain, there is time, lots and lots of it, long elastic stretches of it, and veeeery very little to do in it. A vast stillness. So much time. But it's hard to think when you're in pain. it's hard to organize a thought, let alone a plan...

But I surprise myself, sometimes. If you can't exactly think, you intuit. And what you focus on grows, so I focus away from the pain and do what I love: examples: I talk to Norm, I rub his back, (this has helped him immeasurably and taught him how to massage me...) Intuition is contageous!

Sometimes when my hands free up I can play guitar: while playing, the music is everything, there's no pain.

I cook, I clean haphazardly, water the plants, play with the cats, I talk to one son on the phone and email the other, I make art (drawings, collage), & I made, until recently when the old Mac computer went pop! fizz...croak, videos. I've shot and edited more than two hundred short videos in the past three years...

A few times a year I get civic somehow and with the other volunteers or in whatever context I'm being active I complain cheerfully about how exhausting and daunting it is to do anything, and drink coffee and chime in along with everyone else about the terrible situation out there that we're trying to stop or change or at least wake other people up to that's so much more important than our insignificant (by comparison) aches and pains.

Why did I start this blog? What have I gotten myself into? It's too hard! I try to add more google gadgets, and dammit they aren't adding! Why??? HTML script? What tha heck is that... Wait... No! I'm not going to do that. I'm not going to give voice or fuel of any sort now to the inner saboteur. Shut up, inner sabo.

I started this blog, Dear Reader, because of the pain, mine and not just mine, yours, everybody's, and because of the one thing I know about getting anything done; that if I focus on this project, even a little bit each day, if I pace myself, and rest through the flares of illness, this project, this movement will grow. My little effort will grow it... I wish it were all spiffed up and beautiful already! I wish I had found a way to upload the articles that came in for today. John Dvorak has graciously contributed, Terry Franklin is on board and has promised to write, Norm, too says he'll write something... I wish the *other people* I've contacted would get back to me... (hint hint!)

This Saturday a local wizard who helps folks with disabilities with computer support will be reinstating my home video editing capability. That's good because there's already a whole hour of documented Massachusetts Hemp Historical Narrative sitting in my camera waiting to be edited into pithy zen koan highlights of the discussion and offered up for your perusal.

People, thanks for your attention. I am tired. The pain is huge and amorphous now, and very rude, clamoring for my attention, and I want to resist it and pay attention only to Project MaMaMoJo, but it's time to stop for now. I'm going to put the MaMa, and me, to bed for a while, and allow your kind attention to wander where it will.